Pdf the problem of gender inequality is an issue that bothers most countries especially in. The average loss due to inequality for low hdi countries is 31. The government must work with the international community to get food and aid to hungry people now. There are factors, which directly influence the opportunities of women and men in society. Economic forum global gender gap index and the undp gender inequality index branisa et al. At present, in africa mostly violated and then comes the rest of the world where gender inequality is perceived to bloom. Causes of gender inequality in nigeria there are ideologies behind gender inequality in nigeria, whether its cultural or religious, it stems from somewhere, and its lengthy existence simply means the causes are as strong as the impacts. Gender inequality is not new in traditional african society. Reasons why women should not be equal with men are shown in figure 3. The aim of the study was to basically know the major causes of gender inequality in nigeria. Gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls in.
This is in fact, not very much than it is now asserted in different countries. Regional inequality is high in nigeria, and it translates into higher rates of poverty in the northwestern states of the country. In nigeria, concerns have been expressed on the glaring educational inequalities in the education sector which has created a lot of gaps and marginalization among groups in the education sectors. Gender inequality and women participation in agricultural development in nigeria 1yemisi grace mtsor and 2p. This study therefore provides a deeper understanding of the povertyinequality relationship in nigeria. Causes of rising inequality few job prospects met by a high concentration of economic opportunities beyond agriculture in a handful of cities like lagos and port harcourt, have left residents of other cities to lag behind in wages and living standards.
Gender inequality and women participation in agricultural. Tackling the root causes of gender inequalities in the. Gender discrimination has many guises, probably interrelated in their causes and consequences. Gender inequality, maternal mortality and inclusive growth.
Theory and evidence there have been a number of theoretical and empirical studies finding that gender inequality in education and employment reduce economic growth. Maternal mortality rate refers to the annual number of deaths of women from pregnancyrelated causes per 100,000 live births, and nigerias rate is still relatively high at about. For example, at the social level, women might appear to be. In the light of the above, this paper critically analyze the issues of gender inequality giving emphases to the issue of the concept gender, the rationale behind national gender policy, situation analysis and framework, guiding principles of the national. Gdp per capita is the purchasing power parityadjusted value from world development indicators wdi in the year the outcome is measured, expressed in 2011 us dollars. Explores origins, economics, politics, power, sexuality, violence, ideology, and other potential causes. Figure 2 shows different professions nigerian women in various sectors. The roots of gender inequality in developing countries. Gender inequality in education is a serious problem in tanzania since independence in 1961.
Figure 4 gender gaps in a control over ones life and b life satisfaction. Climate change and social inequality 1 introduction inequality has been a persistent issue in the climate change discussion. In recent years, popular media and researchers have given attention to gender inequality and education campbell and sanders 1997. The paper is a foray of issues in gender inequality in nigeria with a view to proffering solutions. Women as endangered gender in nigeria adebayo anthony abayomi, kolawole, taiwo olabode department of sociology, federal university oyeekiti, ekiti state, nigeria. Climate change and social inequality united nations. Nigeria is not a poor country yet millions are living in hunger. If improvements in womens employment do indeed come at the expense of mens, this should be cause for concern. Domestic violence against women is a global issue that transcends national, cultural, racial and class boundaries. Knowledge accumulation and application, especially for women, have become major factors in economic development and are increasingly at the core of a countrys competitive advantage in the global economy. People are beginning to speak up or talk back in a constructive way to expose gender inequality in politics, as well as gender inequality and underrepresentation in other institutions. Gender issues in agriculture and rural development in. This test draws on the analysis of mcgillivray an d white 1992 to test the stati stical.
Regardless of ones socioeconomic class, there are systematic gender differences in. In practical terms, there is a need to critically assess nigerias inequality climate and juxtapose these with the laws, policies, and programsat federal, state, and local levelsthat must. Socio economic gender inequality in nigeria munich personal. Here are 8 primary causes of gender discrimination. The relevance of women in contributing to inclusive growth and consequently economic development in nigeria cannot be overemphasized. We have to make sure that the nigeria gender policy of 2014 is. Gender inequality has been a topical issue in academic debate in nigeria. The aim of this article is to synthesize the various views of gender inequality and various indicators used to measure it. Keywords gender equality, women and girls, national security 1. The womeninagriculture programme in nigeria, which was established. Our research findings provides a quantitative policy framework to tackle the poverty and inequality problems that have eaten deep into the economy. Causes of gender inequality latest news in nigeria.
Nigeria, the level of educational attainment vary across regions. The paper is a foray of issues in gender inequality in nigeria with a view to. The prospectus, challenges and causes of gender disparity. It is only in the southsouth and southwest geopolitical zones that there are more girls than boys in. The discourse on inequality often makes a distinction between inequality of outcomes as measured by income, wealth, or expenditure and inequality of opportunities. Top 8 gender inequality causes there are factors, which directly influence the opportunities of women and men in society. Figure 4 indicates the religious belief why there cant be gender equality. For example, in sokoto state, 81% of the population is poor, while poverty incidence is much lower, at 34%, in niger.
A greater focus on discriminatory social institutions in the post2015 development framework will be vital for tackling the root causes of gender inequalities and accelerating progress on several development outcomes. Gender inequality can be seen in all areas of life and among people in different walks of life. There exist a wide range of inequality between men and women in attaining certain positions in nigeria. The report noted that lack of assets was both a cause and an effect of poverty. However, when the value is discounted for inequality, the hdi falls to 0. By definition, gender inequality can be regarded as the unequal treatment or perception of individuals on the basis of gender. Inequality nigeria ranks bottom for the second year running. There is still lower enrolment rate for girls and higher dropout rates than their male counterparts in tanzania. In spite of the extensive discussions in various conferences, academic debate and fora the issue of gender imbalance and poor women participation in politics is still very low. Gender inequality and rolestrained among male nursing students in selected nursing institution, lagos, nigeria. Gender discrimination remains problem in the world as a whole and unfortunately, nursing profession is not immune to.
We also suggested strategies to ensure gender equality in all sectors in nigeria. Discrimination against women takes different forms in different societies and historical epochs. Introduction gender is a primary marker of social and economic stratification and, as a result, of exclusion. Of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements. As a result, gender inequality is a characteristic of most societies, with males on average better positioned in social, economic, and political hierarchies. Gender inequality and rolestrained among male nursing. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences. Gender equality is a key factor in contributing to the economic growth of a nation. This easy is written by considering these theories of development as a basis of analysis corresponding to the empirical data on the situation of gender and development. Education and gender inequality in nigeria have focused on a variety of physical, social, and cognitive contexts. Its causes include culture and tradition, religion, lack of empowerment, mentality, and inadequate education. This study explored factors causing gender inequality in education in korogwe districts secondary schools. The united nations population fund believe that economic growth and social equality should go hand in hand, arguing that gender inequality holds back growth of individuals, development of countries, and the evolution of societies, to the disadvantage of men and women. Confronting inequality in developing countries gender inequality 5.
Gender issues in basic education and national development. It has been observed across the world, particularly in africa, that womanhood is now. Pdf gender inequalities and employment in nigeria researchgate. Inequality in nigeria is worse than it looks stears business. The problems of gender inequality in nigeria legit. Productive differences as espoused by the traditional neoclassical as well as the institutions.
It argues that women lag behind men in most indicators of socioeconomic development and they constitute the majority of the poor, the unemployed and the socially disadvantaged. Nigerian peoples perspectives about gender equality are shown in figure 1a and figure 1b. For more than two decades, the goal of reducing gender inequality has held a prominent place in international organizations. Gender inequality and economic growth in nigeria international. Gender disparity continues to exist in nigeria as depicted by tables 1 and 2 at the primary and junior secondary level of education. Such discrepancies also exist within regions and subregions yusuf, 2003. The avoidable causes and invisible costs of inequality jul 06, 2012. Nigeria are the major causes of the high illiteracy. The major aim of this paper is to ascertain the level, differential, and prediction of gender equality in nigeria by 2015. Researchers who have delved into the topic of institutionalized sexism in politics have introduced the term undoing gender. Gender inequality is a social and cultural phenomenon in which there is discrimination against people due to their gender. Paradox of nigerias economic growth and poverty levels mar 22, 2012.
Secondary data from nigeria demographic and health survey ndhs. An analysis of gender inequality and national gender. Department of agricultural economics, university of ibadan, nigeria. Or do the societies that are poor today hold certain cultural views that lead to gender inequality. The facts the 1999 constitution of nigeria prohibits discrimination on the grounds of gender, but customary and religious laws continue to restrict womens rights, as nigeria is a federal republic, each state has the authority to draft its own legislation. Causes of gender inequality gender inequality which in this context implies unfair treatment given to female gender with respect to the male has many causes.
For example, a recent report by the daily independent supports this viewpoint in its headline. Solution to the constraints of their marginalization in all spheres of their. The continue reading gender inequality embedded in nigerian culture. Advocates of gender equality in nigeria have noted that a viable means of reducing the gender gap would be the use of affirmative action, which provides an institutional and legal framework for. Idisi abstract 1african development bank, 8 lake chad crescent, maitama, abuja 2faculty of agriculture, university of abuja, nigeria corresponding authors email. Ways in which women causes insecurity in nigeria are shown in figure 5. In nigeria, in spite of the several womens rights outlined in the 1999 constitution, many women do not enjoy the same freedom as men, particularly in the fields of education, economic empowerment and political participation.
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